Exosomal P4HA3: a promising biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in gastric cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) poses a significant global health burden due to its high mortality rate, which is partly attributable to the lack of sensitive and non-invasive diagnostic tools for early detection. Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles, have emerged as key mediators of intercellular communication and promising sources of biomarkers in various cancers, including GC. To identify novel exosome-related biomarkers, we focused on prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 3 (P4HA3) mRNA levels in plasma-derived exosomes and investigated its role in GC tissues.