Endovascular placement of iodine-125 seed strand and stent combined with chemoembolization for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus

A 59-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of fatigue and marasmus for over 1 month. Computed tomography (CT) examination implied huge primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) with tumor thrombus in the main portal vein (MPV). It also observed the mild expansion of intrahepatic bile ducts in the left lobe of the liver and lymph node metastasis to retroperitoneum, clearance between liver and stomach and porta hepatis. This video was conducted to show portal vein stenting (PVS) and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with endovascular implantation of iodine-125 (¹²⁵I) seeds for treating the patient with Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT).