Development and validation of a polygenic hazard score for aggressive prostate cancer identification

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major health issue that affects over a million men globally every year (1). Although screening men for PCa using prostate specific antigen (PSA) estimates, over the past three decades, resulted in a significant improvement in quantity and quality of life, two major problems reduce the value of early screening using this method: (I) inaccuracy of test results (i.e., the receipt of false positive results), and (II) unnecessary aggressive treatment for low-risk PCa that could be managed via active surveillance or observation (2).