Targeted therapy and non-small cell lung cancer: a new era!

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents the principal cause of death for cancer worldwide, with an incidence of 1,350,000 new diagnosis each year and mortality of 1,180,000 deaths each year (1). In the last ten years, predictive molecular pathology and precision medicine led to a revolution in NSCLC clinical management, encouraging the incorporation of tumor genotyping into therapeutic decision making and the development of new therapeutic options, such as first and second generations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) molecules for oncogene addicted NSCLC patients (e.g., EGFR, ALK, ROS1) (2-4).