Neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy in “primary” and “secondary” muscle-invasive bladder cancer—is it a surrogate for molecular subtypes?

Perioperative cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy is a first-line treatment strategy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients with or without metastasis. According to current European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines, the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is strongly recommended to patients with clinical T2–T4a and N0M0 disease (1).