Characterizing immune heterogeneity in gastric cancer by high-throughput T-cell receptor sequencing: predictive clonotypes and functional signatures

Gastric cancer (GC) exhibits significant immunological heterogeneity, posing a major challenge for achieving durable responses to immunotherapy. Robust immune biomarkers for predicting treatment efficacy need to be identified. T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire profiling has emerged as a promising approach for characterizing anti-tumor immune dynamics and therapeutic responsiveness.